Internal-combustion engine.



E. s. CHURCH. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIOATION PIILED AUG. 24, 1910.

Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2- E. S. CHURCH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1910. 1,1 33,007. Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHBETSSHEET 3.

I In

I/IIIIIII IIIIIIII/ I MM MM.

E. S. CHURCH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1910, I 1,1 33,007. v Pfitehted'Ma'r. 23,1915.

5 SHEETS$HEET 4.

E. S. CHURCH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1910 PatentedMar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

" 94% M I W fifaveuk EDMUND S. CHURCH, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BYMESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

GEORGIANA L. CHURCH,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Applicationfiled August 24,

' To all'wlz om it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND S. CHURCH, a resident of Dayton, in thecounty ofMontgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description. v p

The invention relates to engin'es'of the type in which acombustible orexplosive agent, such as air and hydrocarbon is supplied to a cylinderof the engine and ignited to operate one of the engine elementsrelatively to the other.

In the operation of reciprocating explosive engines of the four cycletype, it is now common practice to draw-a char e of combustible mixtureinto the cylin or during the out-stroke of the piston and to compressthat charge during the succeeding in-stroke of the piston, to render thecharge cxplosive or combustible, and in operation, the compression ofthe charge by the piston in' the cylinder is substantially the same atall times, since the piston-stroke is the same at all times.Resultantly, there is no substantial variation in the compression of thecharge and therefore, no variation n eiiiciencv or power, except such asresults from variation of the mixture admitted to the cylinder.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved internalcombustion engine, in which the fluid admitted to the cylinder iscompressed and in which the degree of compression or density of thefluid may be readily varied so that efliciency of the engine will vary.according to theload imposed upon it.

The invention also designs to provide for automatic regulation of thecompression or densitv of the charge by the load imposed upon theengine, so that the density of the charge will be increased as the loadincreases.

A. still further object of the invention is to provide an automaticallyoperating connection between the engine-shaft and the element to bedriven thereby, which controls the speed of the driven-element,according to the load imposed upon it, and so that if '1 hr- )OCz'lil oithe engine is insuflicient to drive the driven element at a givenrelative speed,

' the driven element will be difierentially op- Specification of LettersPatent. Patented Mar. 23, 19.15,

1910. Serial No. 578,801.

eratedfat a lowerspeed instead of causing stoppage of the engine asfrequently occurs in the operation of engines in motor-vehicles.

The invention also provides a reservoir for storing a supply of air, fordelivery into the cylinder in starting or for emergencies when excessivepower is desired, and in which the maximum pressure of the fluidsupplied to the cylinder, Will be automatically retained.

A still further object of the invention is to provide improved means forcontrolling the operation of an internal combustion engine by variationof the density of the charge introduced into the cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved pneumaticconnection beproved operation, control and construction.

The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter setforth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a planiof an internal combustion engineembodying the invention, the same being shown as applied to drive amotor-vehicle. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fin. 3 is a vertical sectiontaken on line 33 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken at theaxis of the crank-shaft. Fig. 5 is a detail of the pump-connectionbetween the engine shaft and the driven shaft. Fig. 6 is a centrallongitudinal section of the same. Fig. 7 is a vertical section on anenlarged scale through the air reservoir and the valve mechanism forcontrolling the air in said reservoir. Fig. 8 is a detail section of theinspirator for the liquid fuel. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of theignition apparatus. a

The engine illustrated in the drawings is shown as comprising fourcylinders a although it is to be understood that the invention may beapplied to engines havine but one cylinder or anv desired number. Thesecylinders are mounted upon an inclosing crank-case b, in which acrank-shaft c of usual construction. is journaled. These cranks areconnected respectively to pistons d which operate in the cylinders, bymeans of pitmen e, in manner well understood in the art. This engine isof the four-cycle type and the upper endv a of each cylinder serves asan ignition-chamber and is pro vided with an admission valve 7, whichcontrols the supply of combustible-mixture to the cylinder. Anexhaust-valve g is'mounted in the admission-valve and controls theexhaust from the upper end of the cylinders. Above its admission-valve,each-cylinder is rovi ded with a-port or chamber f which is incommunication with a manifold fto which the combustible agent isconducted by an in-take pipe f .Each admission-valve is normally heldclosed by a spring 7 and is opened by a valve-operating mechanismcomprising a lever f rod 7 and a cam f on a valve-shaft 7 which isgeared to the engine-shaft c in manner well understood in the art, beingusually driven at the ratio of one to two with respect to theengine-shaft. Each exhaust-valve g'is normally held closed by a spring gand is operated to permit the products of combustion to escape bysimilar valve-operating mechanism to that employed for theadmission-valves. Since, however, the particular construction of thisvalvemechanism may be similar to that now commonly employed in the artfor internal combustion engines of the four-cycle type, furtherillustration and description is deemed 'unnecessary- Exhaust-port gcommunicates with its associated valve 9 and conducts the products ofcombustion to a manitold 9 which is usually connected by a pipe 9! to anexhaust-pipe 9 To provide for more eflective scavenging of thecylinders, an auxiliary exhaust-pipe g is connected to each evlinder andto a common exhaust-pipe g which is connected to the muffler g.

The engine-shaft c has rigidly secured thereto, a pump-carrier h, whichserves as a momentum or fly-wheel and carriesa series of pump-cylindersk in each of which a piston if is slidably mounted. Each of thesepistons is connected to a crank or eccentricconnections. Each piston 72is provided Shaft 2" serves to drive the load, is co-.

axially mounted with respect to the shaft a andis adapted to be drivenby these pumpconnections. Each piston 71 is provided with a check-valvek for admitting air to the piston-chamber if during every in-stroke ofthe piston. Port it formed in the carrier Izconducts thecompressed airfrom the piston-chamber. 7&5 to an annular channel h on the periphery ofthe hub k of the pump carrier h. This hub is provided with packing-ringsk fitting in a suitable bearing 7) on the crank-case b, to form anair-tight connection between the revolving hub and said bearing. Acheck-valve [L10 is inter posed in each port hf to prevent back-flowianne? of these pump-connections. when the engine is appliedto amotor-vehicle and it is desired to start the vehicle, at which timegreater power is necessary a of the air into the piston-chambers if. The

in-take pipe f which is connected to the admission-manifold f isconnected to the channel it to receive compressed air from thepump-cylinders h.

In transit to the admission-manifold, the air current takes, uphydro-carbon which is delivered into the pipe, by means of a needlevalve j which receives liquid hydrocarbon from a supply-pipe p; Thisvalve directs the hydro-carbon in regulated quantity to a smallfunnel-shaped pipe 1' in the in-take pipe f Pipe 1) receives the liquidfluid from a reservoir 22 and if desired, the liquid in said reservoirmay be placed under pressure, corresponding to that in the intake pipeby a pipe 39 which may be connected to pipe is in which the pressure isthe same as in the in-take pipe. The compressed air passing throughiii-take pipe 3 mixes with the hydro-carbon and forms a combustiblemixture which will explode when ignited in the ignition-chambers of thecylinders.

Each cylinder is provided with a sparkplug 3 of usual construction andwhich may be operated in any manner well understood in the art, tosuccessively ignite the charges in the cylinders a.

The present invention designs to avoid the necessity of compressing theexplosive agent by the pistons in the engine-cylinder and to introducethe combustible agent under compression, into the cylinder. For thispurpose, the introduction of the charge is timed to occur just beforethe piston reaches the end of its out-stroke, s'o, that when it reachesthe limit of its' strok;e'. he previously densiiiedcombustiblefagefitwill be in-the cylinder in readiness to, receive thespark for the power-stroke of the piston. The degree of compression ordensity of the combustible agent, is varied automatically according tothe load to be driven by the engine. hese results are accomplished bythe pump-connections between the engine-shaft c and the driven-shaft i,--"becausethe operation of the engineshaft will not cause thedriven-shaft a" to be rotated until the pressure in the intake pipe f issufficient to retard the operati on of the pump-pistons h" in the.cylinders 71. and to cause the pitmen k to drive the crank a on thedriven-shaft. Y'Resultantly,

the wrist-pin 2' on crank 2', so that these pumps will operate to forceair into the intake pipe f until the pressure therein is sufiicie'nt toretard or prevent the movement For example,-

' of the pistons k in their cylinders h', then the driven-shaft a" willbe operated by means than when the vehicle is under headway, the

sistance or load imposed upon the shaft 2".

Pressure in the in-take pipe will be automatically maintained, tore-place the volume supplied to the engine cylinders by reason of thedifferential travel of the shaft a" relatively to the engine-shaft 0,which occurs whenever the pressure in the in-take pipe is reduced belowthat required to drive the may be indicated to the operator by a gageload or to prevent movement of the pump pistons 71. in their cylinders73.

To provide initial pressure to start the engne or auxiliary pressure, inevent that 'is desirable. in emergencies, a reservoir is is provided andis connected b a pipe is to the channel k in the hub o the pump,-

carrier so that air from the pumps will also be forced through pipe kinto the reservoir 70, where sufiicient pressure will alwa s bemaintained to start the engine. A c eckvalve 7: is included in the pipeis to prevent back-flow of theair from the reservoir. This check-valve"may be manually opened by a connection comprising a rod k gears 5 is,shaft is, gears It and a handwheel [a mounted on the dash board 10 ofthe vehicle. Resultantly, when auxiliary pressure is desired at any timeto increase the efficiency of the engine, without waiting for the pumpsto develop the necessary pressure in the iii-take pipe, the operator mayopen valve 10 to cause the pressure in the ini take pipe, which is incommunication with the reservoir by means of pipe lcand chans nels h, tobe raised to the pressure in the reservoir is. The pressure in thereservoir 11 connected to the. pipe is by a pipe 12.

A blow-ofi pipe 13- is also connected to the pipe in. A shut-ofi' cock14 is provided so that when the engine is not in operation, the pressurein the reservoir may be retained therein. The maximum pressure developedin the operation of the pumps will also'be attained in this reservoir,and after the re duction of pressure, it will be automatically raised tothe maximum by the operation of the pumps.

The supply of combustible mixture to the in-take manifold. is controlledby a throttlevalve Z so that the speed of the engine may be controlledin that manner. A connection comprising a lever Z, rod Z bell-cranklever 1*, which may be mounted on the post in which the steering-shaftis journaled, a rod 1 and an arm Z secured to said valve, places thepressure in the pipe may be reduced. By

permitting escape of the air. from the in-take pipe, the dilferentialtravel of the engine, relatively to the shaft 71', will vary. Thisdevice consists of a valve m mounted in abranch f of the in-take pipe f.A checkvalve f closes communication bet-ween the intake pipe 7 andbranch 7", and at spring f" has suflicient force to prevent any escapeof air until pressure in the in-take pipe is greater than the minimumrequired for operating the engine, for example, 15 pounds. The operatorcan manipulate the controllervalve m by a connection'comprising an arm msecured to said valve, a link m and an arm an on the lower end of ashaft m having a handle 11?. at its upper end. By turning handle m, thecontroller-valve m may be opened more or less to reduce the pressure inthe in-take pipe, and by permitting the air therein to escape, theoperator may vary the speed of travel of the driven-shaft z". Thedriven-shaft 2" may be connected to operate the driving wheels 12 of thevehicle by means-of suitable shafts and gearing now common in the art.

An automatically operating switch 0 is provided for keeping theelectric-circuit in which the spark-plugs are included, open, until theminimum pressure for operation of the engine has been developed in thein- I take pipe. A piston 0 is slidable in a branch 0 of the in-takepipe and isoperated inwardly by a spring 0, which is of suilicient forceto hold the plunger inwardly until the pressure in the in-take pipe issufficient for an explosive mixture. Piston 0 is connected to a stem 0which is adapted to engage a contact-terminal 0 which-is included in thecircuit for the spark-plugs s, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 9. In

starting the engine, when there is no pressure in the in-take pipe, thesparking-circuit will be interrupted at switch 0 until sufii-f cientpressure has-been developed in' the or driveirshaft will remainstationary and such rotation will cause the piston k to be operated backand forth in their pump-cylinders it. Such operation of the pistons willcause airto pass into the chambers [L5 through check-valves h and to beforced through ports it", through channel. h and in-take pipe 7, intomanifold f and supply ducts f. When the pressure in the in-take andsupply-pipes reaches the minimum'neeessary for ignition, say 15 pounds,plunger Y) will be forced outwardly and close the ignition circuit atswitch 0, and thereupon the ignition-apparatus will become operative toignite the charges successively forced into the chambers a of thecylinders, under control of the iii-take valves 7. In transit throughthe in-take pipe the air will carry with it the hydro-carbon supplied tothe in-take pipe through needle-valve 79. The combustible charge will beadmitted to each cylinder just before the piston reaches the end of itslast cycle, and as soon as it reaches the limit of that in-stroke, thecharge will be ignited for the power-stroke of the piston. As the pistonreaches the end of its power-stroke, the products of combustion willescape from auxiliary exhaust-pipe g and during the next cycle,exhaust-valve 9 will be open to permit the products of combustion toescape, through valve 9 and the manifold 9 If desired this exhaustvalvemay be permitted to remain open until a portion of the last cycle, sothat the cylinder will be thoroughly scavenged before the next ignitionoccurs. The engine having been started, the pressure in the in-take pipewill be maintained by the operation of the pumps. When the pressure inthe intake pipe has been raised sufliciently to cause the movement ofthe pump-pistons 71 to be retarded, the pitmen if will become operativeto drive crank i and shaft a" and air to displace the volume supplied tothe cylinders will be provided by the working of the pump-pistons 713 inthe cylinders it whenever the pressure in the in-take pipe decreases. Ifit is desired to run the engine free until the operator desires to drivethe vehicle or shaft i, suflicient air may be permitted to escape by themanipulation of throttle valve Z, to reduce the pressure in the in-take,so that the resistance of shaft 11 and its load will exceed thatnecessary to retard longitudinal travel of pistons k in cylinders it.During operation of the engine, the reservoir is will also be filled ande mes es the pressure will be maintained therein equal to the maximumpressure developed in the 'in-take pipe. Check-valve [a will keep thepressure in the reservoir until the operator desires to use thispressure, in which event it may be controlled by hand-wheel k to supplyair, under pressure, to the cylinders either in starting or to increasethe eificiency of the engine when itis running. The speed of the enginemay also be controlled by throttle valve Z. i

In driving the vehicle, the controllervalve m may, at any time, be usedto permit some of the air in the in-take pipe to escape and in thismanner the relative speed of the vehicle and the engine may be varied,as well as controlled, without the necessity of manipulating afriction-clutch or gearing for that purpose.

The mechanism thus set forth exemplifies an engine in which the densityof combustible-agent consumed in the engine-cylinders, may be varied atwill, to vary the etliciency or power of the engine; it also exemplifiesmechanism by which thedensity of the combustible agent will be variedautomatically according to the load imposed upon the engine and will beautomatically controlledby the load, so that when a heavy load orresistance (for example, in starting the vehicle) opposes the movementof the -driven-shaft i, the pump-connections will become operative toincrease the pressure in the in-take pipe and the degree of compressionor density of the combustible-agent and correspondingly vary therelative speed of the driven-shaft and engine, thus effecting anincrease of power and a reduction of speed when desired or necessary inmoving the load. The pump-connections associated. with thecontroller-valve for regulating the pressure in the in-take pipe, alsoexemplifies mechanism by which the degree of compression of thecombustible agent may be manually varied to cause differential operationof the driven-shaft relatively to the engine-shaft without the use of africtionclutch or other gearing, and this mechanism inay also serve as athrow-off or ,connection which permits the engine to be operatedindependently of the drivens'haft or element.

The invention is not to be understood as.

restricted to. the -details shown and described, slnce these maybe,mod1fied Within the scope of the appended claims without departingfrom the spirit and scope-of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I' claim as new and desire tosecure by Letmeans? a being operatively connected toberconstantly driven.by theqengine, (means for conducting fluid compressed abysai'dcompression means tothe engine means connecting the'otheriof saidelements to the load to .bedriven, (to vary ,thacnmpression of air bythe-compres-.

- 'sion-means,, and theidensityof thefuel sup-' pliedgto the enginecorrespondingly- -to the resistance ofthe eload, and means for indei s uy ng he density of the .fiuid 2o lied to the engine.

L'Ihercombination .With an internal conibustion A engine, ofcompression-means compzising two/elements, one of said elements ingoperatively connected to be constantly 5 driven.by.the; engine, .meansfor conducting I fluid compressed Joy-said elements to the engins, aandmeans connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven, tovary .the compression operation of the com- 0 pression-means, andthedensity of the fluid supplied ,to the engine correspondingly to theresistance of theload.

- ill-he combination with an internal com bustion engine, of compressionmeans comprisin'gtwo elements, one of said elements being operativelyconnected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conductingair compressed by said elements to the engine, means connecting theother of said 40 elements to the load to be driven to vary thecompression of air by the compressionmeans and the density of the fluidsupplied to the engine correspondingly to the resistance of the load,and means for manually controlling'the density .of the fluid.independently of the load. 5. The combination with an internalcombustion engine, of compression-means comprising two elements, one ofsaid elements being operatively connected to be constan'tly driven bythe engine, means for conducting air compressed by saidelements to theengine, means for supplying fuel tothe compressed air in transit to theengine, means 'oonnecting the other of said elements. to the load tobe-driven, to. vary the compression of air by the compression-means,andthe 'den-; sity of the fluid supplied to the engine, correspondinglyto the resistance of the load,

I and means for independently controlling the density ofthe fluidsupplied'to the engine,

6. The combination with an internal combustion engine, ofcompress'on-means com- 55 prising two elements, one 0 said elementsengine.

being operatively connected to -.beconstantly driven by the engine,means -'for conduct ng air compressed by said elements toothe en- 4,gine, means for supplying fuel to theeompressed air in transit to the=.engine, and

, means connecting theotherof said elements to the load to be driven,to. yary the com pression of air by the compression-means, and :thedensity of the fuel supplied to; the engine, correspondingly to theresistance of the load.

7. The combinatioh with an internal "combustionengine, ofcompression-means,cont prising two elements one'iof 'whioh fis 'slldablethe other, one of said elements being,

' operativelyconnected -to;-be constant1;y driven" by thetrengine,meansi for -tconducti-n'g: ,fltlid compressed by said --elen1ents to theengine,

and means connecting .the oth'er, qf,--said elementss-to the load; @tobeidriven and whereby the movement} of said elementssto compress airwill be controllediby ithefload and {will vary the densitylbf :the fuel",supplied to'rthe 8. Thecombination, with-an internal combustion engine,of compression-means com;- prising two elements oneof which isLslid'able in the other, one of-said elementsbeing op-' erativelyconnected to be constantlydriven by the engine, means forconducting-fluid compressedv 'by said means to the .--eng1-ne,. meansconnecting the other of=sa1d e1ements to the load to be driven,tocontrol-theuoperation of the compression-means by j the load, and meansfor independently varying thedensity of the :fluid supplied t theengine. a l A 9. The combinatlon YWlth an ln'ternahcombustlon engine, ofcompressi-on-means -comprising two elements one ofwhioh isslidable m inthe other, one of said elements being'operativel'y connected to beconstantly'rdriven by the engine, means for conducting-fluid compressedby said means to the engine, means connecting the other of sa'idelements1m to the load to bedriven, whereby the operation-of the compressionmeans for com-press ing air, and the density of the fuel, sup.- plied'to the engine, will I be. variedwcorrespondingly-to the resistance ofthe load,-and manually operable means for independently controllingtheidensity of the fluid supplied to'the engine. 1:

l0. Thecombination With an internal icombustion engine, of compressionmeains com prising tii o elements one-of 'which is slidable spondinglyto the resistance of the load, and

means for reducing thedensity ofthe fluid supplied' to the engine.

- 11. The combination with an internal combustion engine, ofcompression-means comprising two elements one of which is slidable inthe other, one of said elements being operatively connected to beconstantly driven by the engine, means for conducting fluid compressedby said elements to theenginecylinder, means for supplying fuel to thefluid compressed by said elements, and means connecting the other ofsaid elements to the load to be driven and whereby the be driven andwhereby the operation of the compression of air by said elements will be7 controlled by the resistance of the load. 1

' 12. The combination with an internal combustion engine, ofcompression-means com-' prising two elements one of which is slidable inthe other, one of said elements being 0p-v eratively connected to beconstantly driven by the engine, means for conducting air compressed bysaid compression-means to the engine, means for supplying fuel to theair compressedby said elements, means connecting the other of saidelements to the load to compression-means for compressing air, and thedensity of the fuel supplied to the engine, will be variedcorrespondingly to the resistance of the load, and independentmeans forcontrolling the density of. the fluid supplied to the engine.

- 13. The combination with'an internal combustion engine, ofcompression-means comprising two rotatable elements, one of saidelements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by theengine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said means to theengine, and compression-means connecting the other of said elements tothe load to be driven and whereby the operation of the compression-meansrelative to the engine will be controlled by the load to vary the loadto be drivenand whereby the compres- 5.5 trolled to vary the density ofthe fuel sup- I plied to the engine correspondingly to the sion of fluidby said elements, will be conresistance of the load, and means forindependently varying the density of the fluid p l to the en. ine- 15The comhtn' tlon with an internal com- 'bustion engine,qt"compression-means comrising two rotatable elements, one of saidelements being operatively connected to be driven by the engine, meansfor conducting fluid compressed by said elements to the engine, meansconnecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven andwhereby the compression of fluid by said elements will be controlled, tovary the density of the fuel supplied to the engine correspondingly tothe resistance of the load, and manually operable means for varying thedensity of the fluid supplied to theengine.

16. The combination with an' internal combustion engine ofcompression-means comprising two rotatable elements, one of saidelements being operatively. connected to be driven by the engine, meansfor conducting fluid compressed by said compression means to the engine,means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven andwhereby the compression of fluid will be con trolled,-to vary thedensity ofthe fuel supplied to the engine correspondingly to theresistance of the load, and means for reducconstantly driven by theengine, means for conducting air compressed by said elements to theengine, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air /in transit tothe engine, and means connecting the other of said elements tothe loadto be driven and whereby the compression of air by said compressionmeans will be controlled, to vary the density of the fuel supplied tothe engine correspondingly to the resistance of the load.

18. The combination with an internal combustion engine, ofcompression-means comprising two 'rot'atable elements, one of saidelements being operatively connected to be driven by the engine, meansfor conducting air compressed by said elements to the engine, means forsupplying fuel to compressed air in transit to the engine, meansconnecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven andwhereby the compression of air will be controlled, to vary the densityof the fuel supply to the engine correspondingly to the resistance ofthe load, and means independent of the load, for varying the densityofthe fluid supplied to the engine.

"*195 The [combination with an internal combustion engine, ofcompression-means comprising two rotatable elements one of which isslidable in the other, one of said elements being operatively connectedto be constantly driven by the engine, means for conductingfluidcompressed by said means to the engine, and means connecting the otherof said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the relativemovement 1 of said elements will be 'controlled,'to" vary the density ofthe fluid supplied to the enis slidable relatively to the other, one ofsaid elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by theengine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said elements to theengine, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to bedriven and whereby the Operation of one of said elements relatively tothe other will be controlled by the resistance of the load, and meansfor independently varying the density of the fluid supplied to theengine.

' by the load upon the engine to vary the opprising two rotatableelements one of which 22-. The combination with an internal com- Ibustion engine, of compression-means comprising two rotatable elementsone of which is slidable relatively to the other, one of said elementsbeing operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, meansfor conducting fluid compressed by said compression-means to the engine,means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven andwhereby the compression of air .will be controlled, to vary'the densityof the fuel supplied to the engine, according to the resistance of theload, and manually operable means for independently controlling thedensity of the fluid supplied to the engine.

23. The combination with an internal combustion engine, ofcompression-means comprising two rotatable elements one of which isslidable relatively to the other, one of said elements being operativelyconnected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conductingair compressed by said elements to the engine, means connecting theother of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby thecompression of air will be controlled to vary the density of the fuelsupplied to the engine, according to the resistance of the load, andmeans for permitting the compressed air to escape to reduce the densityof the fluid supplied to the engine.

24. The combination with an internal cornbustion engine, ofcompression-means comprising two rotatable elements one-of which erationof the compressor according to the load imposed upon the engine.

26. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a compressor,means for tion of the compressor according to the load imposed upon theengine, and means for independently controlling the density of the airsupplied to the engine. 27. The combination with an internal combustionengine, of a plurality of pumps, each comprising two cooperatingelements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connectedto, and constantly driven by,the engine, means for connecting the otherelement of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine,whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied andcontrolled by the load, and means for conducting fluid compressed by thepumps to the engine-cylinder. I

28. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one of the elementsof each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven bythe engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps tothe load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action ofthe pumps will be varied and controlled by'the load, means forconducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the enginecylinder, andmeans independent of the load, for varying the density of the fluidsupplied to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality ofpumps, each comprising two co'o'perating elements, one of the elementsof each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven bythe engine, means for connecting the other element of each of the pumpsto the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive actionof the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means forconducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the engine-cylinder, andmanually operable means for varying the density of the iluid supplied tothe engine.

30. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps, 4

' load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of thepumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means for conductingair compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinder, and means forpermitting the compressed air to escape to reduce the density of thefluid supplied to the cylinder.

31. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one ofthe elementsof each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven bythe engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps tothe load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action ofthe pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means forconducting air compressed by the pumps to the engine-cylinder and meansfor supplying fuel to the compressed air in transit to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality ofpumps, each comprising two co perating elements, one of the elements ofeach pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven by theengine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to theload tobe driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of thepumps will be varied and controlled by the load, and means forconducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinder, meansfor supplying fuel to the compressed air passing to the engine, andmeans for permit:- ting air to escape, to reduce the density of the airpassing to the engine.

33. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof rotary pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one of theelements of each pump being operatively connected to, and con stantlydriven l.:-y the. engine, means connecting the other element of each ofthe pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby thecompressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by theload, and means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the enginecylinder.

34. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof rotary pumps, each comprising two cooperating elen'ients, one of theelements of each pump reii'ig operatively connected to, and constantlydriven by the engine, means c0nnrcting the other element of each of thepumps to the load to be driven by the engine,"whereby the con'iprcssiveaction of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load. means forconducting air compressed by the pumps to the engineeylinders, and meansindependent of the pumps, for vary iug the density of the fluidsupplied. to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality ofrotary pumps, each comprising two coiiperating elements, one of theelements of each pump being operatively. connected to, and constantlydriven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of thepumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressiveaction of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means forconducting air compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinders, andmeans tor permitting air to escape from the conducting-means to reducethe density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality ofrotary pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one of theelements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantlydriven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of thepumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressiveaction of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load. means forconducting [iuid compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinders, andmanually controlled means for varying the density of the fluid suppliedto the engine.

37. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof rotary pumps, each comprising two coo 'ierating elements, one of theelements of each pump being operatively connected to, andconstantlydriven by the engine, means connecting the other element ofeach of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby thecompressive action of the pumps will be varied and cont-rbllcd by theload, means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the enginecylinders, and means for supplying fuel to the compressed air in transitto the engine.

38. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityoi rotary pumps, ich comprising two cooperating elements, one of theelements of each pump being opcratively connected to, and constantlydriven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of thepumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressiveaction of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means forconducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinders, meansfor supplying fuel to the compressed air in transit to the engine,andmeans independent I of the pumps, forivaryingthe density of air in theconducting-means; 1 I a 39."- The combination With-an internalcombustion engine, of a a ipuinp, comprising a piston and a'cylinder,means for conducting fluid compressed by the pump to theenginecylinder', the *pumpcylinder being operatively connected' to-theengine, and means connecting the-pump-piston to'the load to be driven,whereby the compression of fluid by the pump will be contlzglied-andvaried bytheloadw v a. -4:0. The-combination with an internal combustionengine, ofa pump comprising a piston and acylinder, means for.conducting fluidcompressed by the .pump to the engines cylinder, thepump-cylinder being opera t vely connectedto the engine, meansconnecting the pump-piston ,to the load to be .cylinder, .thepump-cylinder being operatively connected to and driven by the engine;means connecting the, pump-piston to I the load'to be drivenwhereby theoperation of the pump relative to the .engine vvill 138.0011,

trolledbythe load, and manually operable means for controllingtheldensityiof-cthe fluid supplied to the engine. v

.42. The combination With an internal combustionengine, of a pumpcomprising a piston and-a cylinder, means for conducting air compressedby the pumpto the engine cylinder, the pump-cylinder being drivablyconnected tothe engine, means. connecting the 'pump-pistonto the load tobe driven, whereby the operation of the pump relative tothe engine willbe controlled by the load, andgmanually operable means. for permittingcompressed airv tov escape, to reduce the density of the'fiuid suppliedto the engine.

T43. The combination with an internal com b'ustion .engine,"-T of a pumpcomprising a piston and a cylinder, means for conducting air compressedby the pump to the engine-1 cylinder, the pump-cylinderbeing drivablyconnected to the engine, :nieans'connecting .0 *Whereby the operation ofthe pump relative the p'umprpiston to the load to. be. driven,

to the engine, Willbe controlled by the load,

and means for supplying fuel to the com-" pressed air passing to theengine. j

-; =44A.flheeombinationfwith internal combustion engine e of a pump-,1.comprising a piston and a cylinder, means. for conducting air compressedbythe'pump, tothe engine cylinder, the z'pump-cylinder, beingoperatively fconnected to the engine, means connectin'gthe pumppiston tothe load' to be.

driven, whereby the ioperation of v the pump relativettothe engine, willbe controlled and varied-byitheload', means .for supplying fuel H I tothecompres'sed airfrom the pump, and means for permitting air .toescape, to reduce the density iof the. fluid supplied to the en- 'gine.a

.45 The combination Withan internal combastion ;engine,;of Ea plurality.of rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinderand a piston, the cylindersbeing connected to and constantly rotated, by. the engine,meansconnecting the pistons and the load to be driven,

and means for. conductingfiuid under pressure from said pumps to theengine, the loadiacting to resist the movement of the pistons inthe'cylinders.

46. The combination with aninternal combustion engine, of a plurality ofgrotary 'pumps, each comprising a. cylinder and a piston, the cylindersbeing; connected to and-' rotated by the engine, means connecting therib pistons andfthe load to be driven, means for I conductinglfiuidunder pressure from said pumps to the engine, the load acting to resistthe movement of the pistonsin the cylinders, and means for supplyingfuel to, the air compressed/by said pumps. i I

,M -The combination With an internalbom bastion engine, of a pluralityof rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinder and a piston, the cylindersbeing connectedto and rotated by the engine, means connecting thepistons and the load to be driven, means for conducting fluid underpressure from. said pumps. to the engine, the loadlacting to resist themovement of the pistons in I the cylinders, means for supplying fuel tothe air compressedby said pum'ps, and means for varying the supply offuel 4:8. The combinationwith an internal combustion engine, of aplurality of rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinder and a piston, thecylinders being connected to and rotated by the engine, meansconnectingthe,

pistons and the load to be driven, means for conducting fluid, underpressure from saidfpumps to the enginepthe load acting v toresist themovement ofthe pistons :in the cylinders, means for supplying fuel tothe air compressed by. said -;pumps and means independentbfthe load forvarying the density of the fluid supplied to the .3;

engine. w 1

49. The combination ,With an internal combustion engine, fja pluralityof rotary pumps, each comprising. a cylinder and piston, the cylindersbeing connected to and rotated by the engine, means connecting thepistons and the load to be driven, means for conducting fluid underpressure from said pumps to the engine, the load acting to. resist themovement of'the pistons 1n the cylinders, means for supplying fuel tothe air compressed by said pumps, and manually operable meansfor varyingthe density of the fluid supplied to the engine;

50. The combination with. an internal combustion engine, ofa pluralityof rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinde if" and a piston, thecylinders being connected to and rotated by the engine, means connectingthe pistons and the load to. be driven, means for I conducting air underpressure from said pumps to the engine, the load act ng to resist themovement of the pistons 1n the cylinders, means for supplying fuel tothe air compressed by the pumps, means for varying the supply of fuel,and means for permitting air compressed by the pumps to escape, toreduce the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

51. The combination with an internal combustion'engine, of means forcompressing air driven by the engine, said compression means forming adriving connection between the engine and the load, the

operation of which will automatically vary tomatically vary the densityof the air com- I pressed by the compression-means, means for conductingcompressed air from said compression-means to the engine-cylinder, meansfor supplying fuel to the compressed air, and independent means forvarying the density of fuel supplied to the engine.

53.- The combination with an internal combustion engine, of means forcompressing air driven by the engine, said compression means forming adriving connection between the engine and the load which will operatedifferentially with respect to the' engine and thereby vary the densityof the air compressed by the compression means, means for conductingcompressed air from said compression means to the engine cylinder, meansfor supplying fuel to the comressed air, and manually operable means orvarying the density of fluid supplied to the engine,

54. The \combination, with an internal combustion engine, of means forcompressing air driven by the engine, said compression meansforming adriving-connection be-' tween the engine and the load, the operation ofwhich will automatically vary ,With respect to the load imposed upon theengine an'cl'thereby vary the density of the air compressedby saidcompression means,

means for conducting compressed airfrom said compression means to theengine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air, andmeans for reducing the density of the compressed air supplied to" theengine.

55.. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air. pumpoperated by-the engine, said pump forming a-driving-connection betweenthe engine and the load,- the operation of which will vary according tothe load imposed upon the en I gine and-thereby vary the. density ofaircompressed by the pump, means for conducting air from thg pump to theengine cylinder, and means for supplying fuel to the compressed air.

' 56. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air pumpoperated by the engine, said pump forming a connection between theengine and the load, the operation of which will vary according 'to theload imposed upon the engine and thereby vary the density of aircompressed by the pump, meansfor conducting air from the pump to theengine cylinder, means for supplying fuelto the compressed air, and

independent means for varying the density of fluid supplied to theengine.

57. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air pumpoperated by the engine, said pump forming 'a connection between theengine and the load, the operation of which will vary according to theload imposed upon the engine and thereby vary the density of aircompressed by the pump, means for conducting air from the pump to theengine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the com ressed air andmanually operable means or varying x the density of fluid suppliedto theengine.

58. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air pumpoperated by 'the engine, said pump forming a connection between the"engine and the load, the operation of which will vary according to theload imposed upon the engine and thereby vary the density of aircompressed by the pump, means for conducting air from the pump to theengine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air, and

59. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a compressorcomprising two cooperating elements, one of ran 1% means for reducingthe density of compressed air supplied to the engine.

l theelements ofthe compressor todrive the .71 load,-and meansforsuppling fuel to the v compressed air in transit-to the engine.

GOJ The' combination 'With an internal l co'mbustion engine, of acompressor comprising two-cooperating elements, one: of

"which is movable relatively to the other,

means connecting-one of'the elements to the .GIIglIIOSO it will bedriven by' the engine, means for conducting'air from the compres 'sor-tothe engine-cylinder, means connecting the other element to the l'oadvtobe driven, Which causes the compressed fluid between the elementsof the-compressor to- 1 combustionfenginqof a plurality'of pumps q drivethe load, means for supplying fuel to {the com-pressedair in transit tothe-engine,

and-means forwirying the densi-ty of the fluid-supplied to the enginesv61. The combination i With I an" i nternal ing "to the load imposed uponthe engine, mea'ns for conducting air under pressure combustion engine,of a compresscr comkprising two cooperating elements, one of Which ismovable} relatively to *the other, means connecting one of the elementsto the engine so it will be'drivenl'bythe engine, means forconductingair from the compressbr to the engine cylinder, meansconnecting Which causes the compressedfluid'betyveen Etheelements of thecompressor to} driye the load, and means for-'supplying fiuel tothecompressed air in transit to the engine; and manually: operable meansforvarying-btfhe density of-the fluid supplied 'toth'e engine. {62, Thecombination with 'l-a-n int'ernial combustion engine, of a rotary-pumpcomi prising two cooperating elements, one of which is movablerelativelyto the other,

means connecting one of'the 'elements'to the engine SO 'ltWlll be drivenby the' engine, "meansfor conducting fluid" fro'm the-pump to theengine-cylinder, means connecting the other element to the loadtoibedri'ven, which causesthe con'ipressed fluid in the punip to drivethe-load, and-means for 's'up ilying fuel-to the compressedfluidintransit tofthe engine.

' 63.-Thecombination with 'an internal prising two cooperating elements,j one of which' 'is movable relatively to the other,

means connectingone of the elements" to the engine so it Wlll be driven"by the engine,

the other element to the load to bedriVen,

. which causes the compressed fluid-fin the pump, to drive the-load;meansfori supplying fuel to the compressed fluid in transit ,isepo'r 9the elements to as) The combination with an, I, f-( -;on bust1oneng necomprising cylinder,

s -the engine, I the density-of thecompressed fluidsupplied to theengine;

v. 642. The combinationzalwith ihirnal combustion engine, of aplura-lityofpum ps forming a driving connection,,betW6? II the engineandfthe-zload, the operation ofavliieh :Will' be" variedautomaticallyjbyand according .to the load'impo'sed upon; the engine,and means forvcondueting fluid from thepumps 5 to :the engine-cylinder.

' w 65. The combination of .an internalvcomflbustion engine, a rotarypump, and means for conducting fluid fromthc pump to the enginecylinder," said pump forming driving connectionbetween 'the engineiandthe load, the'operation' of Which will be ya'ried automatically by andaccording to the -load imposed upon'the engine and thereby. yary thedensity of fluid supplied to the'engine.

66. The combination with an internal operated'by the engine, said pumpsforming driving connection betweeni the' engine' and they load,theoperation ofd vhich will be varied automatically by and accordmeans wreceive excess air therefrom, means tor supplyingthe fue-lflto said.conducting means, a check-valve "for? retaining pressure thel otherelement to the load to be driven,

"iii the reservoi-rpand' 'means formanually fromth e reservoir to theengine.

" (ST-The"-combinntion with internal {combustion-engine, of a pluralityof pumps "operated by theen'gine, said pumpsforining pumpj toth'e enginecylinders, a reseryoir connected to said' conducting means to-"receii eexcess air therefrom, ni eans for supplying the'fuel to sz udconductm'gmeans, a

"clie'ck-Valye for retaining pressure in the.

"reseii'voir; and means for? manually oper- "a'ting the c'heckalx 'e t-osupply air from thereservoir to theengine, and means'for f jredu'cingthe pressure i fisaid conducting "means?" combustion eng-1'ne,"of"a-rotary-p-u'mp comternal fl fi oned by the load' on'th e engine forcon-. 'tro in fthe'o eration of-the um "totem meansforconduetmg fluidfrointhe pump b I p p p i to the engine-cylinder, mea'nslconnectingpressi-fluid under pressure from c the pump to the engine-cylinder, andmeans forjren- 69. The combination with an internal combustion enginecomprising a cylinder, %f a pump operated by the engine and controlledbythe load thereon, means for supplying fluid under pressure from thepump to the engine-cylinder. means for manually controlling the pressurein the supplymeans, and a valve for rendering the controlling-meansinoperative, except when the ressure in the supply-means is sufficientor the operation of the engiue.

70. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising acylinder, of a pump, means controlled by the load for supplying fluidunder pressure from the pump to' the engine-cylinder, a valye formanually controlling the pressure in the supplyrneans, and means forrendering said controlling valve inoperative, except when the pressurein the supply-means is suflioient for the operation of the engine.

71. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising acylinder, of a pump, means controlled by the load for supplying fluidunder ressure from the pump to the en 'ne-cylinder, a valve for manuallycontro ling the pressure in the supply-means, and a valve for renderingsaid controlling-valve inoperative, except when the pressure in thesupply-means is sufficient for the operation of the engine.

72;The combination with :an internal combustion engine comprising acylinder, of a pump operated by the engine and automaticall controlledby the load thereon, means or supplying fluid under pressure fromthepump to the engine-cylinder, and means for rendering thecontrolling-means :inoperative, except when the pressure in thesupply-means is sufiicient for the operation of the engine. 1 73. Thecombination with an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, ofa pump operated by the engine and automatically controlled by the loadthereon,

means for supplying fluid under. pressure from the pump to theengine-cylinder, means for manually controlling the pressure in thesupply-means, and a valve for rendering the controlling-meansinoperative, except when the pressure in the supplymeans is sufficientfor the operation of the engine.

74. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising acylinder, of a-pump' controlled by the load, means for supplying fluidunder pressure from the pump to the engine-cylinder, a valve formanually controlling the pressure in the supply-means, and means forrendering said controlling valve inoperative, except when the pressurein the supply-means is sufiicient for the operation of the engine.

75. The combination with an internal combustion enginecomprising acylinder, a

means for rendering the ignition means inoperative until the pressure offluid superation of the engine.

77. The combination With an internal combustion engine comprising acylinder, of a pump operated by the engine and controlled by the loadthereon; means for supplying fluid under pressure from the pump to theengine-cylinder, ignition means, and means for rendering the ignitionmeans inoperative until the pressure of the fluid supplied to thecylinder is suiiicient for the operation of the engine.

7 8. The combination With an internal combustion engine, of a plurality,of rotary pumps driven by the engine, forming a variable drivingconnection between the engine and the load, said pumps being connectedso that their operation will be varied automatically by and according tothe load iniposed upon the engine.

79. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof rotary pumps driven by the engine, forming a driving connectionbetween the engine and the load, said pumps being connected so thattheir operation will be varied automatically by and according to theload imposed upon the engine, and means for conducting fluid from thepumps to the engine cylinders.

80. In an internal combustionmotor, engine cylinders, cooperating enginepistons, means for the combustion of charges of air and fuelperiodically in the engine cylinders, a driving element driven by theengine pistons, a driven element, a compressor driven by rotation of thedriving element with respect to the driven, element, and means fordistributing the air compressed by'the compressor to the enginecylinders, and means for throttling the delivery from the compressor to.the engine cylinders.

81. In an internal cpmbustion motor, an internal combustion engine, adriving element driven by the internal combustion engine, adriven-element, a compressor driven by rotation of the driving elementwith respect to the driven element, means for distributing air from thecompressor to the engme cylinders periodically and' means for plied tothe cylinder is suflicient for the opreleasing the air from thecompressor to the atmosphere.

82. An internal combustion engine, an engine-cylinder, a cooperatingpiston, means for the combustion charges of air and fuel periodically inthe engine cylinder, a driving copies of this patent may be obtained formeans for the combustion of charges of air and fuel periodically in thecombustion cylinders, a driving element, a driven element, a compressordriven by rotation of the driving element relative to the drivenelement,means for distributing air compressed by the compressor tothe'combustion cylinder periodically, and means preventing return flowfrom the combustion cylinders to the compressor.

EDMUND S. CHURCH.

\Vitnesses: V

HILDEN C. PETERSEN, FRANK W. BEMM.

five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G."

